Juniper Publishers Anatomy

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-OPEN ACCESS ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL  Allergic asthma and rhinitis, atopic dermatitis (AD), urticaria and gastrointestinal allergy, are common diseases of infants and children. It was recently estimated that 14% of children suffer from AD, 8% from food allergy, and 12% from asthma [1,2]. The cumulated incidence of these diseases in adolescents has been estimated between 25-35%, while the prevalence is about 20% [3]. The phenotypic expression of these illnesses varies extensively, being very mild in some cases, severe in many, and even life threatening in others. Specific IgE antibodies to foods and positive challenge tests to a number of food allergens are frequently present in children with these disorders. Cow’s milk (CM) appears to be the most common offending food both in gastrointestinal (vomiting, diarrhea, etc) and in cutaneous manifestations (urticaria and AD). About 0.5-7% of infants suffer...

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-OPEN ACCESS ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL    Allergy and Clinical Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of Roma “La Sapienza” Medical School Breastfeeding Normal neonates are equipped with a limited immune competence, therefore they need breast milk (BM), which represent an excellent immune protection for the neonate during the critical period of intestinal vulnerability, due to a great variety of functionally interactive immunological, antibacterial, antiviral, anti inflammatory and immune modulating factors. Evidence suggests that the protection afforded by human milk to the recipient infant is greatest when breast-feeding is exclusive and of substantial duration. In this update of an old topic, we shall review it’s maim role in atopy prevention as an introduction to the immunological and non immunological components of BM and colostrum, and the spectrum and mechanisms of the protection...

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-OPEN ACCESS ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL  Systemic reactions to specific immunotherapy (SIT) have been reported since 1911, when this therapy was introduced into clinical practice [1], and subsequently many other reports have discussed the occurrence of such re¬actions [2-8]. A number of fatalities after SIT have been also rarely report¬ed, since Lamson in 1929 first described a death from anaphylaxis after SIT [9-11]. The prevalence of systemic reactions in adults has been estimated between 5 % and 44% for grass SIT [12-14], and between 7 and 50% for mite SIT [4,8,15], whereas at present there are a few data in children [16,17]. According to these studies performed on a small number of children with asthma, systemic reaction rate was actually zero using a mite extract [16], and between 80 to 100% using a highly purified and standardized mold ex¬tract [17]. Exposure to high levels of allergen during early life m...

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-OPEN ACCESS ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL Giant Splenectomy Clinical Indications Etiology Complications and Procedures History of their first splenectomy of a Giant Spleen in Equatorial Guinea, Malabo Hospital 1983. Introduction The motivation to write this article, arise when I was a young gal surgeon working as a volunteer at the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, Member of the Cuban Medical Team 1983-1985 [1]. Concept A splenectomy is a surgical procedure that removes the spleen totally. There is a wrong procedure called partial splenectomy that historically ha bring a lot of post operatory complications to patients, so that we are in favor of the total splenectomy to save the patient’s life [2]. History The history mentioned that was an Austrian Surgeon Hermann Schloffer who performed the first splenectomy but we found that the Itali...

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-OPEN ACCESS ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL It is proposed that every organism is controlled by The Boss. The Boss is in charge of each organism’s behavior, metabolism, development, immune response, and reproduction. All organisms have perhaps the same Boss. This is an unknown mechanism. An example is behavior. In people and other primates, The Boss acts at the prefrontal cortex of the brain to direct the behavior of the organism by means of executive function. It is proposed that simpler versions of a prefrontal cortex occur also in other animals and in plants and in microorganisms. Thus The Boss directs the behavior of all organisms. The Boss could be a phospholipid derivative. Keywords: Executive Function; Global Regulators; Biochemistry; Neurobiology; Genetics; Bacteriology Introduction This has been a century of great accomplishments in the biol...