Juniper Publishers Anatomy

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-OPEN ACCESS ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL  Organophosphates (OPs) are used as pesticides and developed as warfare nerve agents. Exposure to an organophosphate could be lethal resulting in death due to respiratory failure. The mechanism of organophosphate poisoning includes inhibition of the acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) via phosphorylation of the hydroxyl group of serine present at the active site of the enzyme. The inhibition of acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) results in the accumulation of acetylcholine (ACh) at cholinergic receptor sites, producing continuous stimulation throughout the nervous systems. Several therapeutic agents have been developed and used in the treatment of poisoning with OPs. For example, pyridiniumoximes have been developed as therapeutic agents for the treatment of poisoning by OPs. The mode of action of pyridiniumoximes is by the reactivation of inhibited acetyl cholinesterase. However, the u...

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-OPEN ACCESS ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL Aim of the work: This article will elucidate the extraordinary parallels between the evolution of the kidney from provertebrates to man. In invertebrates, the excretory structures are classified into three types included contractile vacuoles in protozoa, nephridia (flame cell system) in most invertebrate animals and Malpighian tubules (arthropod kidney) in insects. While, in vertebrates, there are three distinct excretory organs formed in succession during the development of the vertebrate kidney, they are called pronephros, mesonephros and metanephros. Conclusion: From this review, it can be concluded that the important factors in the evolution of the basic structure and function of the vertebrate kidney appeared associating with body fluid– regulation, involving the maintenance of a constant water and salt content of the body. As the evolution of the vertebrate kidney i...

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-OPEN ACCESS ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL The authors discuss in this article about the cavum septi pellucidi and cavum Vergae. The septum pellucidum is a transparent part of two laminae that extends from the anterior part of the body (the genu) to the superior surface of the fornix. The development of the septum pellucidum occurs from the primitive lamina terminalis which forms the anterior wall of the telencephalic cavity. The article presents a mini-review on the subject and it includes information about their embryology and anatomic findings. Keywords: Anatomy; Cavumseptumpellucidum; Cavumseptipellucidi; Cavumvergae; Verga’s Ventricle Embryology of the Septum Derived from the lateral part of the terminal bar, firstly, the septum binds to the frontal direction, always separated from the pallial part by a ventricular groove, a septum-cortical fissur...