Juniper Publishers Anatomy

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-OPEN ACCESS ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL   In a complex today’s world, it is difficult to define exactly a health system. WHO defines it to include personal and public health services through inter-sectoral initiatives that primary action is to make better health [1]. The health enhancing interventions like road safety and pollution free environment are also part of system with traditional public health activities of health promotion. A country needs health system that protects all citizens against health and financial risks of illness. The individual physical dignity and integrity is recognized in international law. Health systems need to ensure that people must treated with respect accordingly with human rights. It’s not the matter about financial expenditure made by governments to health systems but the strategies and procedures for health system effectiveness. The health care delivery in Pakistan comprised three

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-OPEN ACCESS ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL   Introduction: Although it is agreed that anatomy is the language of medicine, the 21st century medical curriculum has often shown to reduce the hours dedicated towards anatomy education. Presently TU, Kathmandu University (KU), BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS) and Patan Academy of health sciences (PAHS) are running the MBBS program. In designing an anatomy center, the principles of three curricular models may be considered: traditional, integrated problem-based and system-oriented. Anatomy has been given more emphasis in hours of instructions allotted in both institutions. KU has given a total of 472 hours for Anatomy whereas BPKIHS has given 396 hours for the same. It may be noted the teaching of Basic Medical Sciences in an integrated, system wise and with a problem solving approach is the stated objective of all the three curriculums of TU, BPKIH

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-OPEN ACCESS ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL  Of late there has been a great buzz about the abnormal rise in the caesarean rate in most of the countries, raising a concern. In some this is more apparent under the private health care facilities. In fact this upward trend has been observed since the beginning of this century. As per recent data over 30 % women are experiencing a caesarean delivery (CD). In 2014, in the United States, 32.2% of pregnant women delivered through this bypass, accounting for over one million surgeries [1]. This upward trend to rely on the surgical delivery during the closing years of the last century did not convert into better outcomes for the mother and foetus as no clear evidence of concomitant decreases in maternal or neonatal morbidity or mortality was presented. With the OBG professional bodies acknowledging the need to address this burgeoning trend for CD, which may be

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-OPEN ACCESS ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL  Asymptomatic supernumerary ectopic teeth are usually found as incidental findings in panoramic radiographs. If present, symptoms mostly occur according to the localization of the ectopic teeth. Supernumerary inverted ectopic teeth in maxillary sinuses are rare. To overcome possible complications and to assess associated pathology, further radiographic examinations are recommended to evaluate the exact localization of tooth and peripheral tissues. Two cases of asymptomatic supernumerary ectopic inverted teeth are described in the present paper. Both cases are investigated further by tomographic examinations and are found in relation with maxillary sinus. Since the cases were asymptomatic no surgery was performed and the patients were called for routine follow-ups. The exact localization and peripheral tissues of ectopic teeth should be examined carefully to overcome possible

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-OPEN ACCESS ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL  The Declaration of Human Rights in Article 14, affirm that “everyone has the right to seek and enjoy asylum in other countries to escape the persecution.” In other words front of all barbarism and regardless of race, color, sex or religion, the refugee’s main law, care and support. For the High Commissioner of the United Nations, an orphan of war has the right to life, liberty, security, freedom of opinion, educate and participate in community life received. That means- live let’s say that by these statements, we can understand that given the current situation of millions of refugees from different places, different languages and cultures, we can see a work of social inclusion. For only analyzing what is said in the statement, the refugees, who contacted stares into nothingness, a process not named in mourning, Expatriate, who lost almost entirely their cultur