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Evolution of the Kidney-Juniper publishers

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JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-OPEN ACCESS ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL Aim of the work: This article will elucidate the extraordinary parallels between the evolution of the kidney from provertebrates to man. In invertebrates, the excretory structures are classified into three types included contractile vacuoles in protozoa, nephridia (flame cell system) in most invertebrate animals and Malpighian tubules (arthropod kidney) in insects. While, in vertebrates, there are three distinct excretory organs formed in succession during the development of the vertebrate kidney, they are called pronephros, mesonephros and metanephros. Conclusion: From this review, it can be concluded that the important factors in the evolution of the basic structure and function of the vertebrate kidney appeared associating with body fluid– regulation, involving the maintenance of a constant water and salt content of the body. As the evolution of the vertebrate kidney i
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Anatomy of the Prostate Gland and Seminal Colículos of the Canine (Canis lupus familiaris)

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  Anatomy Physiology & Biochemistry International Journal Juniper Publishers Author By:  Saldivia Paredes Manuel MV Abstract The prostate gland and the seminal colliculi are within the classification of the genital organs of Canis lupus familiaris, although it can also be classified within the urogenital system of the canine. The glands are characterized by having the peculiarity of making secretions and these are regulated mainly by hormonal control and autonomic nervous system; On the other hand, in reference to the seminal colliculi, it is understood that it has an intimate relationship with the urethra and with other nearby anatomical structures. The anatomical links between the prostate gland and the seminal colliculi are quite close, since in both cases the urethra is involved. First; the urethra pierces the prostate and secondly; from the urethral crest a seminal colliculus is born. The prostate gland and the seminal colliculi have a fundamental link with the process of ejac
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Integrated Medical Teaching - Current Scenario-Juniper Publishers

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JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-OPEN ACCESS ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL Objective: To assess the level of success achieved by implementation of integrated teaching in first and second year of medical education. Study Design: Literature survey based qualitative content analysis Methodology: Online available literature from 1990 to 2105 was reviewed thoroughly and data/results were studied. Results: Most of the data was based on the personal views of faculty and the perception of students. Outcome based studies regarding assessment, results, and performance in annual exam were too scarce to reach conclusion. Conclusion: Keeping in view the requirement of ideal resources, PBL sessions for specific and easily integrated contents of basic and clinical disciplines can be run along with conventional teaching. Total reliance on integrated teaching is not recommended until thorough studies prove a positive long term impact of such system. Keywords:
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