JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-OPEN ACCESS ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL         Aim of the work: This article will  elucidate the extraordinary parallels between the evolution of the  kidney from provertebrates to man. In invertebrates, the excretory  structures are classified into three types included contractile vacuoles  in protozoa, nephridia (flame cell system) in most invertebrate animals  and Malpighian tubules (arthropod kidney) in insects. While, in  vertebrates, there are three distinct excretory organs formed in  succession during the development of the vertebrate kidney, they are  called pronephros, mesonephros and metanephros.   Conclusion: From this review,  it can be concluded that the important factors in the evolution of the  basic structure and function of the vertebrate kidney appeared  associating with body fluid– regulation, involving the maintenance of a  constant water and salt content of the body. As the evolution of the  vertebrate kidney i...
 
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